Privacy breaches can occur through various means, including:
1. Cyberattacks: Hackers may gain unauthorized access to epidemiological databases. 2. Insider Threats: Employees or researchers with access to sensitive data may intentionally or unintentionally disclose information. 3. Inadequate Security Measures: Poor encryption, weak passwords, and lack of regular security audits can make data vulnerable. 4. Human Error: Accidental sharing of data through email or misplacing physical records can lead to breaches.
