Privacy attacks can occur through several vectors:
Cyber-attacks: Malicious actors may use techniques such as phishing, malware, or hacking to gain unauthorized access to epidemiological data. Insider threats: Individuals with authorized access to data may misuse their privileges for personal gain or other motives. Data breaches: Inadequate security measures can lead to accidental or intentional exposure of sensitive information. Improper data sharing: Sharing data without proper anonymization or consent can result in privacy violations.
