How Do Epidemiologists Study Environmental Health?

Epidemiologists use various research methods to study the impact of environmental factors on health:

Observational Studies: These studies involve observing and recording the health outcomes of populations exposed to different environmental conditions without manipulating the environment.
Experimental Studies: These studies involve deliberately altering environmental conditions to observe the effects on health outcomes. However, ethical considerations often limit the use of such studies in human populations.
Geospatial Analysis: Geographic information systems (GIS) are used to map and analyze the spatial distribution of environmental exposures and health outcomes.
Risk Assessment: This involves estimating the potential health risks associated with exposure to environmental hazards.