Epidemiologists identify carcinogens through several types of studies:
Cohort studies: Follow a group of people over time to see who develops cancer and who does not, and then look for differences in exposure to potential carcinogens. Case-control studies: Compare individuals with cancer (cases) to those without (controls) to identify differences in past exposures. Ecological studies: Examine the relationship between exposure levels and cancer rates in different populations.
These studies often rely on statistical methods to account for confounding factors and biases to isolate the effect of the suspected carcinogen.
