Shapley values are calculated by considering all possible permutations of the variables and averaging their marginal contributions. In a mathematical model, this involves:
1. Listing all possible orderings of the variables. 2. Calculating the marginal contribution of each variable in each ordering. 3. Averaging these marginal contributions.
For instance, in a model predicting the spread of infectious diseases, Shapley values can help determine the importance of factors like vaccination rates, contact patterns, and hygiene practices.
