Various methods are used to measure health outcomes:
- Surveys and Questionnaires: These are often used to collect data on self-reported health status, behaviors, and quality of life. - Healthcare Records: Administrative data from hospitals, clinics, and insurance companies provide valuable information on morbidity and mortality. - Epidemiological Studies: Cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials are designed to assess the relationship between exposures and health outcomes.
