Consequences are typically measured using various epidemiological metrics and tools such as: - Rate Ratios and Risk Ratios: These compare the risk of an outcome in exposed vs. unexposed groups. - Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs): This measures the quality and quantity of life lived, used to assess the value of medical interventions. - Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): This combines years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with a disability.
