Several statistical tools are used to measure associative relationships in epidemiology:
Correlation Coefficient: Measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Odds Ratio (OR): Compares the odds of an outcome occurring in the presence of a particular exposure to the odds of it occurring without that exposure. Relative Risk (RR): Compares the risk of an outcome occurring in the exposed group to the risk in the non-exposed group.
