- Spontaneous Reporting Systems: Healthcare professionals and patients report suspected ADRs to regulatory authorities, such as the FDA's MedWatch program. - Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Automated systems that track patient data and identify potential ADRs through algorithms and data mining techniques. - Clinical Trials: Pre-marketing studies designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they are approved for public use. - Pharmacoepidemiological Studies: Observational studies that examine the effects of drugs in large populations over time.
