1. Bias in Research Findings: If a study sample does not accurately reflect the diversity of the population, the findings may not be generalizable. This can lead to treatment and intervention strategies that are less effective for underrepresented groups. 2. Health Disparities: Without adequate data, it is difficult to identify and address health disparities. This perpetuates inequalities in healthcare outcomes. 3. Policy Implications: Public health policies based on incomplete data can miss the mark, failing to address the needs of all population groups.