ART is crucial in the field of epidemiology because it significantly impacts the epidemiological patterns of HIV. By controlling viral load in individuals, ART reduces the transmission rate, thereby lowering the incidence of new infections. This is essential for public health strategies aimed at achieving the United Nations' 90-90-90 targets: 90% of people living with HIV knowing their status, 90% of diagnosed people receiving sustained ART, and 90% of those on ART achieving viral suppression.
