1. Lack of Resources: Limited access to healthcare and diagnostic facilities can lead to many cases going undetected. 2. Stigma: Social stigma associated with certain diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, can deter individuals from seeking medical help. 3. Lack of Awareness: Both healthcare providers and the public may lack awareness about the symptoms and severity of certain conditions. 4. Inefficient Surveillance Systems: Poorly designed or underfunded surveillance systems can fail to capture all cases. 5. Political and Economic Factors: Sometimes, there may be a deliberate underreporting of cases to downplay the severity of an outbreak for political or economic reasons.
