The HWE arises from several factors: 1. Selection Bias: Healthier individuals are more likely to be employed, while those with poorer health are less likely to enter or remain in the workforce. 2. Healthy Worker Survivor Effect: Workers who remain employed over time tend to be healthier, while those who develop health problems may leave the workforce. 3. Occupational Health Interventions: Workplace health programs and policies may contribute to better health among workers.
