Multiple types of laboratory tests are employed in epidemiology, including serological tests, molecular diagnostics, culture methods, and antigen detection techniques. Serological tests help determine immunity levels and past exposure to pathogens by detecting antibodies in blood samples. Molecular diagnostics, such as PCR, are used for rapid and precise identification of pathogens. Culture methods allow for the growth and study of bacteria and fungi in controlled environments, while antigen detection techniques directly identify pathogen components.
