Most vaccines need to be stored between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F). Some, like the MMR vaccine, can tolerate freezing, while others, such as the oral polio vaccine (OPV), require freezing temperatures around -20°C (-4°F). Newer vaccines, like certain COVID-19 vaccines, may require ultra-cold storage conditions, as low as -70°C (-94°F).
