Several factors influence the evolution of pathogens through natural selection. These include:
1. Mutation Rate: High mutation rates can generate a vast diversity of genetic variants, some of which may have advantageous traits. 2. Transmission Dynamics: The way a pathogen spreads can affect its evolution. For example, highly transmissible pathogens may evolve to be less virulent to avoid killing the host too quickly. 3. Host Immune Response: Pathogens face selective pressure from the host's immune system, leading to the evolution of immune evasion mechanisms. 4. Environmental Changes: Changes in the environment, such as climate change or urbanization, can impact pathogen survival and transmission.
