Maternal Health: The health of the mother before and during pregnancy significantly affects infant mortality. Poor maternal nutrition, infections, and chronic diseases can increase risks. Healthcare Access: Availability and quality of healthcare services, including antenatal care, skilled birth attendants, and postnatal care, play a crucial role in reducing IMR. Socioeconomic Status: Poverty, low education levels, and lack of access to basic amenities such as clean water and sanitation are strongly linked to higher IMR. Infections: Neonatal infections, respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases are common causes of infant deaths, especially in low-resource settings. Nutrition: Adequate maternal and infant nutrition, including breastfeeding, is vital for reducing IMR.
