Several factors can affect an individual's susceptibility to infectious diseases:
Genetic factors: Certain genetic mutations can make individuals more susceptible to specific infections. For example, mutations in the CFTR gene increase the risk of bacterial lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Immune system status: A weakened immune system, due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive therapy, can increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Age: Both very young and elderly individuals often have less robust immune responses, making them more vulnerable to infections. Nutrition: Poor nutritional status can impair immune function, increasing the risk of infections. Pre-existing conditions: Chronic illnesses such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases can compromise the immune system, enhancing susceptibility to infections.
