Public health policies face several challenges, including: 1. Data Limitations: Incomplete or inaccurate data can hinder the development of effective policies. 2. Resource Constraints: Limited funding and resources can restrict the implementation of comprehensive health programs. 3. Political and Social Factors: Political agendas and social resistance can impact the acceptance and enforcement of health policies. 4. Globalization: The interconnectedness of the world poses challenges in managing cross-border health threats and implementing consistent policies.