There are two main types of polio vaccines: the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) and the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). IPV is administered by injection and contains an inactivated virus, while OPV is taken orally and contains a weakened form of the virus. Both vaccines are highly effective in preventing polio, but OPV has been more commonly used in mass immunization campaigns because it is easier to administer and provides better community immunity.