efflux pumps

What Are the Types of Efflux Pumps?

Efflux pumps are classified into five major families based on their structure and energy source:
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters: Utilize ATP to expel substances.
Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS): Use a proton-motive force.
Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) Family: Common in Gram-negative bacteria and use proton-motive force.
Small Multidrug Resistance (SMR) Family: Use a proton-motive force and are typically found in Gram-positive bacteria.
Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Family: Use sodium ion gradients and are found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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