What are the recommendations for future research and development?
Future research should focus on developing vaccines that cover a broader range of pneumococcal serotypes to address the issue of serotype replacement. Additionally, efforts should be made to improve vaccine access and distribution in low-income countries to ensure global protection against pneumococcal disease. Enhanced surveillance systems are also needed to monitor the long-term impact of vaccination programs and to detect any emerging trends in pneumococcal epidemiology.
