Several methods are employed for signal detection in epidemiology:
1. Surveillance Systems: These include traditional systems like the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and modern systems that leverage big data and machine learning. 2. Statistical Algorithms: Techniques such as the CUSUM (Cumulative Sum Control Chart) and the EARS (Early Aberration Reporting System) are commonly used to identify unusual patterns. 3. Data Mining: Methods like cluster analysis and anomaly detection help in identifying outliers and clusters of cases that may indicate an outbreak. 4. Sentinel Surveillance: This involves monitoring specific groups or locations that are more likely to detect new cases early.
