Surveillance Traps: Different types of traps (e.g., light traps, sticky traps) are used to capture vectors for population studies. Sampling: Collecting samples from different habitats like water bodies for mosquito larvae or rodent burrows for fleas. Molecular Techniques: Techniques like PCR are used to identify vector species and detect pathogens they may carry. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): GIS technology helps in mapping vector distribution and identifying high-risk areas.
