Malnutrition has profound health impacts. Undernutrition in children leads to increased susceptibility to infections, impaired cognitive development, and higher mortality rates. In adults, it can cause reduced work capacity and poor health outcomes. Overnutrition, on the other hand, is a major risk factor for chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Both forms of malnutrition contribute significantly to the global disease burden.