What are the Epidemiological Characteristics of Plasmodium Vivax?

Plasmodium vivax has a unique epidemiology compared to other malaria species. It is predominantly found in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Unlike Plasmodium falciparum, which is largely confined to Africa, P. vivax thrives in both temperate and tropical climates. This wider geographic distribution is partly due to its ability to develop at lower temperatures and its capacity to form hypnozoites, dormant liver stages that can reactivate and cause relapses.