Some common sources of variability in epidemiological data include:
Measurement Error: Variability can arise from inaccuracies in data collection instruments or methods. Missing Data: Incomplete records can lead to biases if the missing data are not randomly distributed. Data Integration: Combining data from different sources can introduce variability if the sources are not comparable. Population Heterogeneity: Differences in demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics can affect data comparability.
