What are the Challenges in Using GIS for Epidemiology?

Despite its benefits, there are several challenges associated with using GIS in epidemiology:

Data Quality and Availability: The accuracy of GIS analysis depends on the quality and availability of spatial and health data. In many regions, acquiring reliable data can be challenging.
Technical Expertise: Effective use of GIS requires specialized skills in both geographic information science and epidemiology, which may not always be available.
Privacy Concerns: Mapping disease data can raise privacy issues, especially when dealing with sensitive health information. Proper data anonymization and ethical considerations are crucial.
Cost: Implementing and maintaining GIS infrastructure can be expensive, potentially limiting its use in resource-constrained settings.