What are the Challenges in the Pre Clinical Stage?

Identifying and intervening in the pre clinical stage comes with several challenges:

1. False Positives: Screening and testing can sometimes yield false positives, leading to unnecessary anxiety and medical procedures.
2. Overdiagnosis: Detecting conditions that would not have caused symptoms or harm can lead to overtreatment.
3. Resource Allocation: Widespread screening programs require significant healthcare resources, which may not be feasible in all settings.
4. Ethical Concerns: The psychological impact of knowing one has a predisposition to a disease can be significant, and ethical considerations must be addressed.