Several challenges can arise in program evaluation: - Attribution: Determining whether changes in health outcomes can be directly attributed to the program can be difficult due to the influence of external factors. - Data Quality: Ensuring the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of data can be challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings. - Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging stakeholders effectively throughout the evaluation process can be challenging but is essential for the evaluation's success. - Ethical Considerations: Ensuring the ethical conduct of evaluations, including obtaining informed consent and protecting participant confidentiality, is paramount.