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What Are the Challenges in Epidemiology Research?

Epidemiology research faces several challenges, including:
- Confounding, where extraneous variables distort the true relationship between the exposure and outcome.
- Bias, such as selection bias, information bias, and recall bias, which can affect the validity of study findings.
- Missing data, which can lead to loss of information and reduced statistical power.
Addressing these challenges requires careful study design, data collection, and analytical techniques.

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