1. Reduced Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission: Unlike donated human blood, HBOCs are not at risk of transmitting blood-borne pathogens. This makes them a safer alternative, especially in regions with high prevalence of diseases like HIV or hepatitis. 2. Extended Shelf Life: HBOCs typically have a longer shelf life compared to donated blood, which is crucial during emergencies or in remote areas where blood supply may be limited. 3. Universal Compatibility: Most HBOCs are designed to be universally compatible, eliminating the need for blood type matching and reducing the risk of transfusion reactions.