What are Some Limitations of Multivariable Adjustment?
Despite its utility, multivariable adjustment has limitations:
1. Residual Confounding: Even after adjustment, some confounding may remain if important confounders are not measured or included in the model. 2. Measurement Error: Inaccurate measurement of confounders can lead to incomplete adjustment and biased estimates. 3. Complex Interactions: Some confounders may interact in complex ways that are difficult to model accurately. 4. Causal Inference: Adjusted associations do not necessarily imply causation; other criteria, such as temporal relationship and biological plausibility, must also be considered.
