Pneumococcal vaccines are designed to protect against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. There are two main types: the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV). PCV is typically administered to children as part of the routine vaccination schedule, while PPSV is often given to adults over 65 and those with certain risk factors.