What Are Common Methods Used to Track Infectious Diseases?

Epidemiologists use various methods to track infectious diseases:

Surveillance: Continuous, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data.
Case-Control Studies: Observational studies where two groups differing in outcome are identified and compared to find a causal factor.
Cohort Studies: Following a group of people over time to see who develops a particular disease and who does not.
Outbreak Investigation: Identifying the source, understanding the spread, and implementing control measures during an outbreak.