Use of Objective Measures: Whenever possible, use objective data such as medical records, biomarkers, or environmental measurements instead of relying solely on self-reported data. Standardized Questionnaires: Employ standardized and validated questionnaires to reduce variability in how questions are understood and answered by participants. Blinding: Keep both the participants and investigators blinded to the study hypotheses to minimize differential recall. Short Recall Periods: Design studies with shorter recall periods, as they are less susceptible to memory decay. Cross-Validation: Validate self-reported data with other sources whenever feasible to ensure accuracy.
