Equilibrium points are found by setting the derivatives of the compartments to zero in the system of differential equations that describe the disease dynamics. For instance, in a simple SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model, the following equations are used:
dS/dt = -βSI dI/dt = βSI - γI dR/dt = γI
Setting dS/dt, dI/dt, and dR/dt to zero and solving the resulting equations helps in finding the equilibrium points.
