VE is typically calculated using the formula: VE = (1 - RR) x 100%, where RR (Relative Risk) is the ratio of the incidence rate of the disease among the vaccinated group to the incidence rate among the unvaccinated group. For example, if the incidence rate of a disease is 10 cases per 1000 in unvaccinated individuals and 2 cases per 1000 in vaccinated individuals, the VE would be calculated as follows: VE = (1 - (2/10)) x 100% = 80%
