Vaccine efficacy is typically assessed through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the vaccine or a placebo. The incidence of the disease is then compared between the two groups. Key steps include:
1. Participant Selection: Ensuring a representative and comparable group of vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. 2. Blinding: Both participants and researchers are often blinded to reduce bias. 3. Follow-Up: Monitoring participants over time to observe the incidence of the disease. 4. Data Analysis: Using statistical methods to compare the disease incidence between groups.
