Pharmacy data is used in multiple ways within epidemiology. Some of the primary applications include: - Surveillance of Medication Use: Monitoring the usage patterns of medications across different populations and identifying trends over time. - Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance: Detecting adverse drug reactions and assessing the safety of medications in real-world settings. - Assessing Treatment Efficacy: Evaluating the effectiveness of medications in diverse patient populations and under varying conditions. - Health Outcomes Research: Investigating the links between medication use and health outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality.