Non-repudiation in epidemiology can be achieved through various methods, including:
Digital Signatures: These are used to authenticate the source of data and ensure that the data has not been tampered with. Digital signatures provide a secure way to verify that the data originated from a trusted source. Audit Trails: Maintaining a detailed log of all data entries, modifications, and communications helps to track the origin and changes made to data, ensuring that any alterations can be traced back to their source. Encryption: Encrypting data ensures that it cannot be accessed or altered by unauthorized parties, thus maintaining its integrity and authenticity.
