Several statistical methods can test for independence:
1. Chi-square Test: This test assesses whether observed frequencies differ from expected frequencies under the assumption of independence. 2. Correlation Coefficients: Measures like Pearson's correlation coefficient assess the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. A coefficient close to zero suggests independence. 3. Logistic Regression: This method can adjust for potential confounders to assess the independent effect of a variable on an outcome.
