1. Sample Collection: Samples are collected from infected individuals or environmental sources. 2. DNA/RNA Extraction: Genetic material is extracted from these samples. 3. Sequencing: Advanced technologies like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) are used to sequence the genetic material. 4. Data Analysis: Bioinformatics tools analyze the sequences to identify mutations, variants, and other significant changes. 5. Reporting: Findings are reported to relevant health authorities for action.
