1. Study Design: The choice of study design (e.g., cohort, case-control, randomized controlled trial) affects the level of evidence. Well-designed studies minimize biases and confounding factors. 2. Data Quality: High-quality data are essential for credible results. This involves accurate data collection, appropriate sample size, and use of validated measurement tools. 3. Statistical Analysis: Proper statistical methods must be applied to analyze the data correctly. This includes using appropriate models, controlling for confounders, and ensuring reproducibility. 4. Peer Review: Publication in peer-reviewed journals adds a layer of credibility. Peer review involves scrutiny by other experts in the field who assess the study’s methodology and findings. 5. Transparency: Transparency in reporting methods, data sources, and potential conflicts of interest enhances credibility. Open access to data and methodologies allows for independent verification.
