Achieving comparability involves several strategies:
Randomization: In randomized controlled trials, participants are randomly assigned to different groups to ensure that the groups are similar in all respects except for the intervention. Matching: In observational studies, researchers may match participants in the exposed and unexposed groups based on key characteristics such as age, sex, or baseline health status. Stratification: Data can be stratified based on confounding variables to ensure that comparisons are made within homogeneous subgroups. Multivariable analysis: Statistical techniques such as regression analysis can adjust for multiple confounders simultaneously, helping to isolate the effect of the primary exposure of interest.
