Lifestyle choices such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are significant contributors to multifactorial etiologies. Poor dietary habits and physical inactivity are well-known risk factors for obesity, which in turn is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and a host of other conditions. The cumulative effect of these lifestyle choices can either mitigate or exacerbate genetic and environmental risks.
