The process of southern blotting involves several key steps: 1. DNA Extraction: DNA is extracted from cells or tissues. 2. Restriction Enzyme Digestion: The DNA is cut into fragments using restriction enzymes. 3. Gel Electrophoresis: The DNA fragments are separated by size using agarose gel electrophoresis. 4. Transfer to Membrane: The separated DNA fragments are transferred to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane. 5. Hybridization: The membrane is exposed to a labeled DNA probe that binds to the target DNA sequence. 6. Detection: The bound probe is detected using autoradiography or other methods.
