Sample Collection: Biological samples such as blood, saliva, or nasal swabs are collected from individuals. RNA Extraction: RNA is isolated from the collected samples using various extraction methods. Reverse Transcription: The extracted RNA is transcribed into cDNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. PCR Amplification: The cDNA is then amplified using PCR, which involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to create millions of copies of the target DNA sequence. Detection: The amplified DNA can be detected and quantified using various methods, such as fluorescence-based detection.
