Sample Collection: Biological specimens such as blood, urine, or swabs are collected from patients. Laboratory Testing: The samples are tested using various techniques ranging from microscopy to advanced molecular methods like PCR and genomic sequencing. Data Reporting: Test results are reported to local and national public health authorities. Data Analysis: The data is analyzed to identify trends, outbreaks, and other epidemiological patterns. Action: Based on the analysis, public health interventions are planned and implemented.
