Determining the optimal sample size involves several steps: 1. Formulate the Research Question: Clearly define the hypothesis and research objectives. 2. Specify the Desired Power and Significance Level: Commonly, a power of 80% and a significance level of 5% are used. 3. Estimate the Effect Size: Based on previous studies or pilot data, estimate the expected effect size. 4. Select the Appropriate Statistical Test: Different tests require different sample size calculations. 5. Use Sample Size Calculators: Utilize software or online calculators to determine the required sample size based on the above parameters.
